Analog to digital conversion is the ability to read a voltage level found on a pin between 0  and some maximum value and convert that analog value into a digital representation . Varying the voltage applied to the pin will change the value read. The ESP32 has an analog  to digital converter built into it with a resolution of up to 12 bits which is 4096 distinct values. What that means is that 0 volts will produce a digital value of 0 while the maximum voltage will produce a digital value of 4095 and voltage ranges between these will produce a correspondingly scaled digital value. Continue reading ESP32 Wroom32 DevKit Analog Read Example →